His hangover lasted a week! From there the agents went to Bari, Italy, to prepare for their missions and take a well deserved rest, exactly what they would need when one considers what was in store for them. Attached was a radio interception and transmitting station to maintain contact with agents in Yugoslavia, northern Italy, Austria, and Hungary and with our Ops. Room at headquarters in England. One of the instructors was an Italian who had returned from a mission with his fingernails mutilated by his German captors when he had landed from his canoe at the wrong spot on the Adriatic coast near Ancona.
It contained a strange collection of gadgets and stores for the use of parachute types sic , ranging from currency to whiskey, cigarettes, to fly buttons containing tiny compasses and beautiful maps printed in silk.
The dispatcher stood by the door having already performed half of his duties in preparing Andy and the others by hooking up their static lines.
Andy was just as glad that the dispatcher had hooked him up because he was too nervous to do it himself. They were flying over Hungary, at well above twenty three thousand feet. Andy could hear the anti-aircraft artillery booming all around the Halifax and he prayed that one would not hit the plane. They were, in fact, too high to be in range, but Andy and the others could not know that at the time. Andy could see the ack-ack bursting all around the drop chute.
He recalled that it looked like Christmas lights to him. This is it, Andy thought. There was no stopping now.
All of his training would lead to this one jump. The time was near. Soon the light would turn green. Andy was number two.
He had never touched alcohol. Andy and the others were each allowed a flask of rum to carry in their jump suits. It would help to keep them warm and would make the trip down a little easier, Andy thought. Andy pulled out his flask of rum and went to take another swallow. It was greatly appreciated. Half way down, Andy realized that he was stone cold sober and, by the time he reached the ground, he was as cold as death. But the biggest surprise was still to come. Several more minutes passed before he found his jump-mates, one of who, an expert map-reader, informed them that they were lost!
Although later evidence was to prove him correct, this intelligence was not at all well received at that particular moment. Readers who have examined the appendices in SOE In France will perhaps be familiar with the instructions which were given to pilots engaged in dropping agents, to the effect that navigation by visual ground references at night can be terribly misleading.
The error later proved to be even greater than he had anticipated by some eighteen kilometers! However, with the enemy only metres away, there was nothing for the agents to do but to find shelter and get some rest before attempting to straighten themselves out.
Accordingly, they spent a miserable night huddled together in the woods. At daybreak they decided that it would be best to split up. They did so, with the understanding that they would meet up some time later at a safe house in Budapest.
As he traveled from village to village, Andy became increasingly aware that the Germans were closing in. There were soldiers everywhere. In a moment, a lady greeted him and he inquired for her husband. She stepped back, visibly shaken. After what seemed like an eternity, she said that her husband had been dead for six months. For a moment, Andy was unable to explain her behaviour to him. Then, it suddenly occurred to him that he had not given her any of the pre-arranged passwords.
He was mortified. He had failed his very first test. In his confusion, he muttered the words and, just as he turned to leave, she motioned to him to enter. Gratefully, he followed her into the house and she closed the door behind him. His direct inquiry for her deceased husband threw her into a panic.
Was Andy the Gestapo? Andy remained there for several days. They became quite fond of one another, but he eventually left to meet his comrades.
On his return to Hungary in , as he tried to retrace each step of his mission, he found himself on those same steps, thirty-six years later. His anticipation of a joyous reunion knew no bounds. But a stranger opened the door. We think she died in Belsen. They said that she had been found guilty of harbouring a British secret agent.
You arrived in England on 18 September You proceeded to Cairo in February In May you were transferred to Italy. From Bari you were parachuted on 18 September, , in the name of Lieutenant Andrew Daniels, into Slovakia, with three other officers, to establish contact with the Slovak Headquarters at Banska Bystrica which was organizing the Slovak rising.
You crossed the frontier on 19 October and reached Budapest safely. But as it proved impossible to obtain the necessary papers, you decided to return to Slovakia to rejoin the three officers at Banska Bystrica. However, when attempting to re-cross the frontier, you were arrested and imprisoned by the Hungarians. By the end of October , the Slovak rising had been suppressed by the Germans and the three other officers had escaped into the hills, where they were subsequently also arrested. You succeeded in escaping and remained in hiding in Budapest until the Russians occupied it.
They evacuated you, thus enabling you to proceed, via Italy, to England. You arrived in London on 23 May, , and returned to Canada on 7 June, Andy and the others were on their way to one of the death camps inside the Reich. Andy escaped during his fourth night at the new camp. It was a dreary, rainy night. Andy and his fellow captives were allowed to get some wood for a fire, but it was wet.
They plugged up the pipes of their heater, lit the fire with the wet wood which began to smoke heavily, and as the guards ran into the room, they slipped out the side door and made their way back to safety. After the war, Andy returned to Hungary for the purpose of doing research for his book. He tried to re-enter the place where he had been imprisoned by the Hungarian Counter Espionage and the Gestapo at the time when the Red Army was getting near. They would not let him enter, as it was still a military barracks at that time.
He had hoped to be able to find some record of his stay there, but to no avail. The Gestapo had destroyed all records when the Red Army was approaching. For two days and nights, they had burned the records in the courtyard where previously the executions had taken place.
Andy returned to Camp-X one cold November day in I was his guide this time as I was more informed regarding the current condition of the Camp than was Andy. All that was left of the Camp were the concrete foundations. I remember the Sunday afternoons we had off. We would play football soccer for hours.
The Camp trainers loved it because the physical training was great for us. Those damned craters! The way to do this and be undetected was to remain perfectly still as it is difficult to see an unmoving target. If you moved and were spotted, a round of fire over your head would signify that you had been spotted.
He thought back to the cold, dark prison where he had been interned after he had been captured. He thought about the torture and the constant interrogations. After all, that was where he had lost his innocence. Life had been so much simpler here at the Camp. No women were ever trained there, although women did play an important role at the camp and in the war effort, which we'll discuss shortly.
The most famous was Bill Donovan, who was deeply involved in the efforts to create a U. Donovan was the coordinator of information and the first head of the Office of Strategic Services.
He lobbied strongly for the establishment of the CIA after the war, although he never worked directly for the agency. John Bross, a Camp X graduate, influenced American intelligence for decades. He went through the Camp X training course in and later oversaw teams parachuting behind Nazi lines to support the D-Day invasion , when the Allies invaded Normandy, France in June He worked in the CIA for 20 years, rising to become deputy to the director of central intelligence for programs evaluation.
Some Camp X trainees went on to work for the CIA, while others used their training to, in turn, train other Americans at newly established American secret agent schools [source: Chambers ].
He was a French-Canadian literally — he was born in France and emigrated to Canada , considered an exemplary student of sabotage and resistance coordination. He was sent to a concentration camp and executed, which wasn't unusual for Camp X trainees in the war. Often more than half of a training unit would die during a mission [source: Bicknell ]. But secret agent training wasn't the only thing that happened at Camp X.
There is a confirmed Bond connection, though. Paul Dehn was a member of the Camp X staff and may have had a hand in writing the infamous camp manual [source: Bicknell ].
Dehn later wrote several well-known screenplays, including that of the James Bond film "Goldfinger. The exploits of Camp X graduates at times exceed even those of the fictional superspy James Bond. While he likely was in Canada while the camp was active and visited it, there is no evidence that he was ever assigned to it. No, Hydra radio was not a nonstop broadcast aimed at the bad guys in Marvel movies. It was a powerful radio station housed at Camp X that sent and received key intelligence information the Allies used during World War II.
Radio equipment was scarce during the war, so British and Canadian agents procured what they needed from private companies and citizens. The main transmitter came from a Philadelphia radio station, while additional equipment was requisitioned from amateur radio operators, some of whom worked at the camp to operate the equipment. The radio station got the name Hydra from the multiple transmitting antennae protruding from the bank of sophisticated for its time radio gear.
There were some Canadian women who operated Hydra. The barracks at Camp X were never intended to house both men and women, so the Hydra operators stayed with nearby families, getting picked up and dropped off by a staff car, according to one female operator's account. They had limited interaction with the rest of the camp [source: Stafford ]. That doesn't mean their work wasn't valuable, however.
Hydra played a vital role in maintaining the flow of information from Allied outposts in Europe with command centers in the U. The radio station was equipped with a Rockex machine, an ingenious device developed by engineer Pat Bayly that automated the encryption and decryption of messages. These were Allied messages encoded to avoid enemy interception — Hydra was never used to decode intercepted German or Japanese transmissions. However, because of the way radio waves move through the atmosphere in different weather conditions, Hydra was sometimes used to intercept signals from the Axis powers that couldn't be picked up by receivers in the U.
These transmissions were then sent to places like Bletchley Park, a site for British codebreakers, for decoding. Despite being the first special agent training school in North America, the site was not preserved.
What the Canadian government did with Camp X after the war is pretty surprising. Camp X closed in April It had served its purpose, and the personnel were needed elsewhere. The instructors returned to Britain or the U. It's impossible to know how many men were trained there — records were kept secret, destroyed or scattered across three different nations' bureaucracies — but estimates range from a few hundred to 2, or 3, [source: Montgomery ].
The camp's training regimen became so infamous and prestigious that far more men claimed to have trained there than actually did. However, the buildings still existed after the camp closed, and they found some use during the Cold War. British and American intelligence officials interviewed him at Camp X, where he was safe from potential interference from Soviet agents. Control of the Hydra station was transferred to the Canadian military. Hydra functioned as a signal intercepting station as the final months of World War II played out against Japan, and it was used to intercept Soviet radio transmissions during the early years of the Cold War.
By , the station's equipment was no longer sophisticated, and the site was officially decommissioned and sold to local municipal governments. Amid concerns that the camp might contain unexploded ordnance weapons that did not explode but still pose a risk of doing so from all the explosive training, the Canadian army bulldozed almost all the buildings directly into Lake Ontario in the late s. Lake Ontario made it an excellent site where signals would arrive distinctly and rapidly from the U.
Hydra had direct access to Ottawa, New York, and Washington. Camp X trained over five hundred Allied secret agents. They trained in a variety of special techniques such as silent killing, sabotage, Partisan work, recruitment methods for the resistance movement, demolition, map reading, weaponry, and Morse Code.
Time Allowance: hours Procedures: 1. This multiple intelligence activity gives students a choice on how to present the information they have researched and lets them showcase their particular talents see attached worksheet below. Students will be required to collect 4 pages of handwritten notes and include at least 4 sources in the bibliography which includes at least two electronic sources.
They will take home their information and create a portfolio which includes work from four different areas. L1J 5P5 Tel. L1G 4T5 Tel.
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