Mountains are landforms higher than the surrounding areas. They are formed due to the tectonic movements, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and erosion of the surrounding areas caused due to wind, water and ice.
Mountains are found in the oceans and on land. Plateaus are flat highlands that are separated from the surroundings due to steep slopes. Valleys are low-lying areas of land between hills and mountains that are formed due to the actions of glaciers and rivers over millions of years. Depending on the shape they are classified as V shaped valleys and U shaped valleys.
V-shaped valleys are formed by the flowing rivers and U-shaped valleys are formed due to glaciers. Due to lack of adequate rainfall, desert is a dry piece of land with little or no vegetation. They are mostly found mainly in rain shadow areas which are leeward of a mountain range with respect to the wind direction.
In deserts, the atmospheric air is very dry, and daytime temperature is high. Dunes are mounds or small hills made up of sand that are created due to the action of and water flow under water dunes. It may be dome-shaped, crescent-shaped, star-shaped, linear-shaped, and many more.
The height of a dune hill can be as low as 1 meter, or as high as 10 meter and more. An island is a piece of land which is surrounded by water from all sides and formed either due to volcanic eruptions or due to hot spots in the lithosphere. Plains are flat or the low relief areas on the surface of the earth. It might be formed as a result of the sedimentation of eroded soil from the top of the hills and mountains or might be due to flowing lava deposited by the agents of wind, water, and ice.
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Still have questions? Find more answers. Previously Viewed. Explore the process of erosion with this collection of resources. Weathering is the process of the weakening and breakdown of rocks, metals, and manmade objects. There are two main types of weathering: chemical and physical.
An example of chemical weathering is acid rain. Caused mostly by the burning of fossil fuels, acid rain is a form of precipitation with high levels of sulfuric acid, which can cause erosion in the materials in which it comes in contact. An example of physical weathering is wind blowing across the desert playas.
This process causes rocks to form a specific pyramid-like shape and they are called ventifacts. Select from these resources to teach about the process of weathering in your classroom. In geography, boundaries separate different regions of Earth. A physical boundary is a naturally occurring barrier between two or more areas. Physical boundaries include oceans, cliffs, or valleys.
Select from these educational resources to teach middle school students more about physical boundaries. The rock cycle is a web of processes that outlines how each of the three major rock types—igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary—form and break down based on the different applications of heat and pressure over time.
For example, sedimentary rock shale becomes slate when heat and pressure are added. The more heat and pressure you add, the further the rock metamorphoses until it becomes gneiss.
If it is heated further, the rock will melt completely and reform as an igneous rock. Empower your students to learn about the rock cycle with this collection of resources. Human activities are impacting the Grand Canyon in unexpected ways from its toxic past to tourism. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students. Skip to content. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors.
Share Flipboard Email. Matt Rosenberg. Geography Expert. Updated August 09, Featured Video. Cite this Article Format. Rosenberg, Matt. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for ThoughtCo.
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